MUDRA disburses Rs. 1.43 lakh cr to small, micro entrepreneurs

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The entrepreneurship streak appears to be stronger in the small retail business space, going by the pattern of loans disbursed by the Micro Units Development and Refinance (MUDRA) Bank.

Small retailers, shopkeepers and those running micro units have utilised almost half of the loans disbursed under the MUDRA scheme launched by the Centre in April 2015.

As of May 20, the total loan disbursement was about Rs. 1.43 lakh crore and new entrepreneurs accounted for much of it.

MUDRA offers three categories of loans, Shishu (covering loans up to  Rs. 50,000), Kishor (loans above  Rs. 50,000 and up to Rs. 5 lakh) and Tarun (above  Rs. 5 lakh and up to  Rs. 10 lakh).

The objective of the scheme is to encourage new small businesses and ensure that at least 60 per cent of the credit flows to Shishu category units and the balance to the Kishor and Tarun categories. This has been realised as loans sanctioned/disbursed under the first category have so far have been higher than those under the other two categories.

According to a senior official at the State Bank of India, the demand for loans has been more from those taking up , among others, transport and community/personal service businesses.

In terms of States’ performance, Karnataka topped last year with Rs. 16,469 crore disbursements, followed by Tamil Nadu ( Rs. 15,496 crore) and Maharashtra ( Rs. 13,372 crore).

In disbursals, State Bank of India and its associate banks accounted for the biggest share of Rs. 16,999 crore. The disbursals by the 39 NBFC-Microfinance Institutions were also significant at Rs. 44,026 crore.

MUDRA loans are cheaper than those offered by other agencies, such as banks and MFIs. The cost of MUDRA funds, on an average, is 150-200 basis points lower than the benchmark repo rate.

Source: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-money-banking/mudra-disburses-rs-143-lakh-cr-to-small-micro-entrepreneurs/article8651795.ece

RBI starts meeting major players in P2P lending

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After releasing a consultation paper on peer-to-peer (P2P) lending last week, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has started meeting some leading players in the sector. The founder of a leading P2P lending platform, who met officials of RBI’s Department of Non-Banking Regulation on Wednesday, told FE on the condition of anonymity that the central bank is gearing up to come out with final guidelines for P2P lending platforms by the end of the current calendar year.

He also said that money laundering and interest rate are two of the main areas that the RBI is focusing on while framing the final guidelines for the sector. “It seems RBI is keen on capping the rate interest that a P2P lender can charge at the same level as that for non- banking finance company micro finance institutions (NBFC MFIs),” he said.

As per current RBI regulations, the maximum rate of interest that an NBFC MFI can charge is the lower of 10% more than its cost of funds and 2.75 times of the base rate of the top five commercial banks.

“While money laundering shouldn’t have been a big concern, given that draft guidelines have mandated that all transfer of funds happen directly from the lender’s bank account to that of the borrower, the unearthing of a few ponzi schemes in the P2P sector in China seem to have made the RBI more cautious,” the P2P lending platform’s founder added.

Post May 31, which is the deadline set by RBI for suggestions and comments on the regulations, it will work on the final guidelines and seems keen on releasing them by the end of the year, he added.

According to P2P Finance Association, the global P2P market almost doubled last year and has crossed the £5 billion mark.

“Although nascent in India and not significant in value yet, the potential benefits that P2P lending promises to various stakeholders and its associated risks to the financial system are too important to be ignored. The Reserve Bank has therefore found it necessary to put out this discussion paper to elicit public opinion and views of the various stakeholders on the future course of action having regard to the current legal and regulatory framework in place to regulate the business of financial intermediation,” RBI noted in the consultation paper.

It has also proposed a minimum capital requirement of R2 crore for P2P NBFCs and is intent on restricting such entities to just companies, thereby barring proprietorships, partnerships and LLPs.

Source: http://www.financialexpress.com/article/industry/banking-finance/rbi-starts-meeting-major-players-in-p2p-lending/248758/

India, Mauritius to amend tax treaty

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India will levy capital gains tax on investments routed through Mauritius from April 1 next year, bringing down the curtains on a contentious three decade-old rule that allowed companies to bring in billions of dollars by paying negligible taxes.

The taxes on capital gains will apply to investments made from April 1, 2017 and will be imposed at 50% or half of the domestic rate until March 31, 2019, and at the full rate thereafter.

How do people use tax havens to avoid paying taxes?

Through “round tripping” or “treaty shopping”.

How does round tripping work?

Round tripping refers to routing of investments by a resident of one country through another country back to his own country.

You get money out of India and transmit it to a tax haven with whom India has a bilateral tax avoidance treaty such as the double-taxation avoidance agreement (DTAA). In the tax haven, this money is treated as capital of a registered corporate entity. You now invest this money back in an Indian company as foreign direct investment (FDI) by buying stakes or invest it in Indian equity markets.

How does this help in avoiding taxes?

The entire purpose of this exercise is to window-dress as foreign capital your original money that you had taken out from India.

In the entire process, you end up paying zero or negligible taxes. In India, you can claim tax exemption citing the DTAA arguing that you have paid taxes in the source country. In the source country, taxes are negligible since it is a tax haven.

What is DTAA?

These are bilateral treaties signed between governments to prevent companies from being taxed twice over.

So, what was the problem with Mauritius?

Mauritius, and other tax havens, has almost negligible taxes. This was encouraging companies to route their investments in India through “shell” companies (those that exist only on paper) in Mauritius and avoid paying taxes.

How big was the problem?

At $94 billion, Mauritius has been the largest FDI source for India, accounting for 34% of total FDI in India between 2000 and 2015.

What are the changes that will plug this gap?

The changed DTAA will make it mandatory to pay capital gains tax on sale of shares in India by companies registered in Mauritius

When will the new rules kick-in?

Share sales in Indian companies by Mauritius-registered firms will be taxed at half of the applicable rate between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019.

If the capital gains tax in India is 10% currently, Mauritius-registered companies will be taxed at 5% during the first two years beginning April 2017. Full capital gains tax will apply from April 1, 2019.

What about previous investments?

The new rules will not apply only to investments made before April 1, 2017, meaning share sale of investments made before this date will be exempt from capital gains tax.

Which companies will benefit from the reduced tax rates during the first two years?

The benefit of 50% reduction in tax rate during the transition period from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2019 shall be subject to a limitation of benefit (LOB) Article.

A Mauritius-registered company (including a shell or conduit company) will not be entitled to lower tax rate, if it doesn’t spend at least Rs 27 lakh in Mauritius in the previous 12 months. This is called ‘purpose and bonafide business test’.

How will impact investors?

Many foreign investors will have to redraw their strategies. The incentive to route investments through Mauritius will cease to exist once the new rule kicks-in. This could raise their tax outgo.

What about markets?

It could hurt short-term foreign investor inflows into India, particularly from companies whose investment strategies are guided by minimising taxes. This could pull down markets initially.

Are these rules related to the general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR)?

GAAR are aimed at curbing tax avoidance and aim to give tax authorities the right to scrutinise transactions that they feel have been done to avoid taxes.

Under GAAR corporations may be forced to restructure salaries of employees if taxmen conclude that these were structured only to avoid taxes. Similarly, if a foreign investment transaction from Mauritius has taken place with an intent to exploit DTAA, it will come under GAAR.

Implementation of GAAR will take place from April, 2017.

Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/india-mauritius-tax-treaty-all-you-need-to-know/story-QSOlvKyt6rrN7E00S7wp9K.html

Bandhan Bank mops up Rs. 13,000-crore deposits

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Bandhan BankBandhan Bank has been able to rope in nearly seven lakh new customers, after its transformation from a microfinance entity to a universal bank in August last year.

According to Chandra Shekhar Ghosh, Founder, MD and CEO of Bandhan Bank, “Customer addition through the banking network was nearly seven lakh. But, there will be new additions in the micro-banking segment too. Hence, the actual number of new customers will be higher.”

He was speaking on the sidelines of the opening of the bank’s flagship branch here in the city.

This is the bank’s 670th branch. Bandhan’s customer base across micro and general banking stands at over 85 lakh.

With 501 branches, 2,022 door-step service centres and 50 ATMs, Bandhan has been able to mobilise deposits to the tune of Rs. 13,000 crore. Its loan book stands at over Rs. 15,200 crore. According to Ghosh, the bank will soon have branches with dedicated services for high net-worth individuals. The modalities of the services on offer are being discussed, he said.

“Let’s assume we are offering personal wealth management services. Such services will be more on a one-to-one level rather than through bank branches. But, we need to build the scale first for that to happen,” he said.

Extending its service offerings, Bandhan kicked off NRI banking facility. NRI accounts will mostly be for remittances from abroad. The bank also entered the retail lending segment through small ticket home loans and financing of small vehicles in suburbs, semi-urban and rural areas.

Source: http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-money-banking/bandhan-bank-mops-up-rs-13000crore-deposits/article8597526.ece

RBI may allow you to be a lender (P2P)

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The RBI’s move to regulate the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending business has evoked good response with most participants saying that it could provide greater confidence to lenders and borrowers, as also to venture capitalists. The space has some 35 startups now and more than 20 of them were founded just last year, according to data from startup tracking platform Tracxn. They have collectively attracted only $7.5 million in venture funds, and the ones that have received the most funds include Faircent, Milaap, iLend, RangDe, LendenClub and LoanCircle.

“VCs have so far shied away from the industry due to lack of recognition and regulation of the segment,” says IDG Ventures partner Karan Mohla, adding that the proposed regulation will help the sector grow the way microfinance did.

P2P lending typically involves a technology platform that brings together borrowers and lenders, often individuals. The borrower can place his/her requirements,  and lenders can bid to service that borrower. Normally, the platforms insist on more than one lender servicing a single borrowing requirement to reduce risks. The interest rate may be set by the platform or by mutual agreement between the borrower and lender, or through an auction where lenders place bids. The platform does a preliminary assessment of the borrower’s creditworthiness, and they also collect the loan repayments. Over time, the platforms could automatically develop creditworthiness scores. Borrowers and lenders both pay a fee to the platform for these services. The average interest rates on these platforms tend to be high at 20% and the loan amount is an average of around Rs 1 lakh. Most borrowers are self-employed or those with salaries above Rs 6 lakh per annum. Most platforms charge around 2.5% of the loan amount as commission, from both parties.

The RBI is looking at factors such as what should constitute P2P lending, the legal framework, whether to set a maximum interest rate, and how to differentiate it with crowd-funding. It is, for now, looking to categorize them as non-banking financial companies (NBFCs).

“The potential benefits that P2P lending promises to various stakeholders (to borrowers, lenders, agencies, etc) and its associated risks to the financial system are too important to be ignored,” says the RBI consultation paper. The UK-based Peer-to-Peer Finance Association (P2PFA) estimates that lending through the channel globally has grown dramatically from 0.2 billion pounds in the first quarter of 2012 to 5.1 billion pounds in the first quarter of 2016.

Apoorv Sharma, founder of Venture Catalyst and an investor in LenDen, says P2P in India is still in its early stages but the government’s involvement could drive rapid growth.

Faircent, one of the largest platforms in the country, believes that the new norms will accelerate the growth in the sector – similar to how RBI regulations helped the e-wallet sector. The company has raised funding from Aarin Capital, M & S Partners and others. It has disbursed more than Rs 4.5 crore to beneficiaries so far and it is looking at loans of more than Rs 60 crore this fiscal.

Abhishek Periwal, founder of P2P platform KountMoney, said that regular banking channels don’t cater to lots of self-employed people. “P2P lending platforms come into play here, as they are faster than banks and NBFCs,” he said. Bhavin Patel, founder of LenDen Club, which started in 2015, believes the RBI regulation will be a confidence booster but has reservations about the regulator’s proposal that payment should happen directly between the borrower and the lender and that P2P platforms should have brick-and-mortar offices. He thinks the former will make monitoring and control difficult, and the latter is unnecessary. “A lot of our plans have been put on hold due to these uncertainties,” said Patel, whose platform has more than 2,000 borrowers and 900 lenders.

Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/52183326.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst.

Private sector lender Federal Bank to support startups

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Jumping on to the startup bandwagon, Kerala based private sector lender Federal BankBSE -1.38 % is opening incubation centres in Bangalore and Ernakulam exclusively for startups. These would be specialised lounges within Federal Bank branches meant for funding advisory, regulatory support and if required even for direct investment.

“We have a dedicated startup fund worth Rs 25 crore which we would like to use to fund or lend to promising startups. These lounges, named Launchpad, with fast internet connections, support staff from the financial world and advisory mechanisms would be the perfect breeding ground for future entrepreneurs,” said Shyam Srinivasan, managing director, Federal bank.

The lounge would be manned by bank officers who would be capable of dealing with the financial requirements of the startups as well as local specialists who would be able to advise on regulatory issues that entrepreneurs need to handle.

“We are talking to 3 or 4 startups daily. The challenge for a bank is to move away from a conservative credit mind set to a more entrepreneurial mind set and to accept the fact that out of 40 or 50 investments only one might take off. So even we are in the process of understanding how to engage with startups better,” he said.

The bank follows the footsteps of HDFC Bank and Bank of Baroda to integrate their platform with mobile payments application Chillr. The addition that Federal Bank brings to the Chillr app is that they would allow even non Federal Bank users to instantly open a Federal Bank account through a selfie and Aadhar identification number and allow them to receive payments through Chillr.

“This is just another offer in the suite of offerings for the customer. We are in the major discovery process slowly there would be convergence in this field,” said Srinivasan.

Mallya default singes top auditing companies

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Some of world’s top auditing firms, including Price Waterhouse, Grant Thornton, Deloitte LLP and Walker Chandiok & Co, are under scrutiny with a slew of regulators seeking answers on their valuation, auditing and due diligence of UB Group companies over the last few years.

Deloitte LLP conducted the financial and tax due diligence for Diageo of United Spirits Ltd (USL) which led to the $2.1 billion acquisition of the company, but could not detect the problems in annual accounts. These accounts, in turn, were prepared by PW, which was the auditor for USL between 2010 and 2011, and later by Walker & Chandiok & Co.

The accounts were disputed by Diageo in April 2015 after it found a Rs 2,100 crore hole and sought Vijay Mallya’s ouster from the USL board. Questions have also been raised by lenders on what basis Grant Thornton valued the Kingfisher brand at Rs 4,100 crore. This is now being probed by the Serious Fraud Investigation office (SFIO).

When contacted, a Grant Thornton spokesperson said the firm fully stood by its brand valuation report on Kingfisher. “We believe it was appropriate in the context of when it was done and the purpose for which it was done,” the spokesperson said.

PW declined comment but an external spokesperson said the firm had not received any communication from either the Securities and Exchange Board of India or the Enforcement Directorate. “Deloitte does not comment on client confidential matters,” its spokesperson said.

Diageo had invested in USL after the British company was given express representations that all of the receivables from Mallya entities were recoverable in full. The fund diversion worth Rs 2,100 crore from USL was later raised when KPMG, the new auditor appointed by Diageo, discovered discrepancies when it was finalising USL’s 2014 accounts. All the three years’ accounts will now have to be re-stated, according to listing norms.

In the same year, the new USL management called in PW UK for a forensic audit of the previous three years (which included auditing by its own India unit) and passed on the reports to the regulators including the Sebi, the ministry of corporate affairs and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

The ICAI, sources said, had asked both PW and Walker Chandiok to explain the discrepancy. An ED official said it was surprising that none of the auditors or valuers for Diageo raised flags over the accounts manipulation or the Rs 4,000 crore diversion by USL to the British Virgin Islands in 2007.

While the auditors of USL are in the dock for cooking accounts, another marquee auditing firm — Grant Thornton is under investigation by the SFIO for its Rs 4,100 crore brand valuation of Kingfisher Airlines. It was based on this brand valuation in 2011 that Mallya raised Rs 9,100 crore from government-owned banks by offering the brand as collateral. The lenders are now holding a dud Kingfisher brand, which is finding no takers.

Sources in the ICAI said it was a redux of the Satyam scam, when some of the world’s top auditors overvalued assets before the Maytas and Satyam merger, which led to the unravelling of the scam. In the Satyam case, the ICAI had debarred two auditors from Price Waterhouse who were found guilty of professional misconduct. S Gopalakrishnan and T Srinivas were struck off the ICAI’s rolls and fined Rs 5 lakh each. A Central Bureau of Investigation court later convicted them of fraud.

Source: http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/mallya-default-singes-top-auditing-companies-116031900495_1.html