Record reserves turn costly cash pile for RBI

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As India’s foreign-exchange reserves march toward the unprecedented $400 billion mark, its central bank faces a costly conundrum.

As India’s foreign-exchange reserves march toward the unprecedented $400 billion mark, its central bank faces a costly conundrum. To keep the rupee stable and exports competitive, it is having to mop up inflows that’s adding cash to the local banking system. Problem is, banks are flush with money following Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s demonetization program last year, leaving them already struggling to pay interest on the deposits in an environment where loans aren’t picking up. The resulting need to absorb both dollar- and rupee-liquidity is stretching the Reserve Bank of India’s range of tools and complicating policy. Costs to mop up these inflows have eroded the RBI’s earnings, halving its annual dividend to the government. “The RBI would be paying more on its sterilization bills than it gets on its reserve assets, so it would cut into its profits,” said Brad W. Setser, senior fellow at New York-based thinktank Council on Foreign Relations. “Selling sterilization paper in a country with a relatively high nominal interest rate like India is costly.”

Governor Urjit Patel aims to revert to neutral liquidity in the coming months from the current surplus. Lenders parked an average 2.9 trillion rupees ($45 billion) of excess cash with the central bank each day this month compared with 259 billion rupees the same time last year. This peaked at 5.5 trillion in March. The surge in liquidity has pushed the RBI to resume open-market bond sales as well as auctions of longer duration repos besides imposing costs on the government for special instruments such as cash management bills and market stabilization scheme bonds. Meanwhile foreign investors have poured $18.5 billion into Indian equities and bonds in the year through June, during which period the RBI has added $23.4 billion to its reserves. Its forward dollar book has also increased to a net long position of $17.1 billion end-June from a net short $7.4 billion a year ago. “My guess is reserves over 20 percent of GDP would start to raise questions about cost – but that is just a guess,” said Setser. India’s reserves have ranged between 15 and 20 percent of GDP since 2008 global crisis — a level that’s neither too low to create vulnerability or too high indicating excess intervention, he said.

Consistent buildup in the forward book may have cost the RBI some 70 billion rupees, while total liquidity-absorption costs due to the demonetization deluge from November to June were 100 billion rupees, according to calculations by Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. The RBI paid another 50 billion rupees to 70 billion rupees to print banknotes, the bank estimates. A weakening dollar would also have led to losses due to the foreign-currency cash pile, which has traditionally been dominated by the greenback. The Bloomberg Dollar Index has fallen 8.5 percent this year. After all these expenses, the RBI transferred 306.6 billion rupees as annual dividend to the government, compared with 749 billion rupees budgeted to come from the RBI and financial institutions. More clarity will emerge with the RBI’s annual report typically published in the final week of August. “This disturbs the fiscal math for the year through March 2018,” said Madhavi Arora, an economist at Kotak Mahindra Bank. Assuming everything else stays constant, she estimates the budget deficit may come in at 3.4 percent of gross domestic product rather than the government’s goal of 3.2 percent.

Apart from the high costs, there’s another dimension to the surge in liquidity. The RBI could face a shortage of bonds it places as collateral with its creditors. It is said to be preparing a fresh proposal to the government for creation of a window — the so-called standing deposit facility — which doesn’t require any collateral. “As the excess liquidity challenge looks set to persist, the RBI will need more tools to manage this, such as the standing deposit facility,” economists at Morgan Stanley, including Derrick Kam, wrote in an Aug. 16 note. He predicts that at the current rate of accretion, foreign-exchange reserves will hit $400 billion by Sept. 8 from $393 billion this month.

Source: Financial Express

SEBI plans stricter norms for Independent Directors

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Markets watchdog Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plans to overhaul the regulatory framework for corporate governance, including appointment and removal of independent directors, people familiar with the matter said.

Besides, a high level panel is looking at corporate governance issues such as those pertaining to related party transactions, auditing and effectiveness of board evaluation practices, the people added.

Against the backdrop of recent instances of boardroom battles involving large corporates, the SEBI is looking to revamp the norms and the matter is expected to be discussed at its board meeting later this month.

Strengthening corporate governance practice is a focus area for the regulator, with SEBI chairman Ajay Tyagi recently saying, “independent directors are not independent”.

The regulator is keen on stricter norms for independent directors, including with respect to their appointment, removal and larger responsibility as part of a company’s board, the people said.

Currently, an independent director can be removed by way of an ordinary resolution — which requires the approval of at least 50 percent shareholders of a particular company.

However, when it comes to re-appointment of independent directors, the firm concerned has to move a special resolution under which nod from 75 percent or more shareholders is required.

According to sources, SEBI wants to make it special resolution mandatory for removal of an independent director as such a provision will reduce the arbitrariness of promoters in deciding upon the ouster of such directors.

Besides, stringent disclosure requirements for independent directors, including at the time of their appointments, are being looked at, sources said.

Corporate governance issues will be among the slew of developments that are to be discussed during the SEBI board meeting scheduled for June 21.

 

 

 

 

Earlier this month, the watchdog set up a 21-member committee under the chairmanship of veteran banker Uday Kotak to suggest ways to further improve corporate governance standards of listed companies.

The panel will make recommendations on ensuring independence in spirit of independent directors and their active participation in functioning of the company.

Besides, measures to address issues faced by investors on participation in general meetings and ways for improving effectiveness of board evaluation practices will be suggested by the committee.

Apart from Kotak, who is the chairman of Kotak Mahindra Bank, other members include HDFC CEO Keki Mistry, Wipro chief strategic officer Rishad Premji, L&T Whole Time Director R Shankar Raman and BSE CEO Ashishkumar Chauhan.

In April, Tyagi had said there were too many lacunae with respect to the concept of independent directors with many having “no commitment to any cause”.

“I must admit I have no solutions on what should be done but it will be anyone’s case that existing system has lot of lacunae,” he had said.

Some independent directors are appointed at the mercy of promoters “(with) no prescribed qualifications or procedures, favouritism, (many are from) closed clubs (such as) only those people being in all boards, no commitment to any cause – Ajay Tyagi, Chairman, SEBI

 

 

 

 

Earlier this year, the regulator came out with detailed corporate governance norms for listed companies that provide for stricter disclosures and protection of investor rights, including equitable treatment for minority and foreign shareholders.

The new rules, which would be effective from October 1, require companies to get shareholders’ approval for related party transactions, establish whistle blower mechanism, elaborate disclosures on pay packages and have at least one woman director on their boards.

Source: https://www.bloombergquint.com/law-and-policy/2017/06/12/market-regulator-sebi-plans-stricter-norms-for-independent-directors

Small loans, big impact: Microfinance now big business at banks

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High margins and volumes are two reasons why banks are exploring the market in thrift credit

From being passive lenders to microfinance institutions (MFIs) till about five years earlier, banks have turned out to be active players in the business of small loans.

 

As on end-December 2016, banks accounted for 37 per cent (Rs 36,683 crore) of microfinance portfolio of Rs 98,625 crore; five years earlier, a handful of MFIs accounted for more than half.

 

High margins and volumes are two reasons why banks are exploring the market in thrift credit.
Most of them in MFI lending are private sector ones. A majority of this portfolio is with 11 banks — Axis, Bandhan, DCB, Equitas, HDFC, ICICI, IDFC, Kotak Mahindra, RBL and YES.

 

This apart, several public sector banks have increased their MFI exposure, through business correspondents (BCs).

 

“We see a lot of synergies with the microfinance sector. More, it is quite well-regulated and growing at a fast rate, providing a lot of business opportunities,” said an official in charge of a bank’s microfinance operations.

 

Also, over the past 18 months, banks have also been aggressive in taking equity stakes in MFIs. Last year, Kotak Mahindra Bank acquired Bengaluru-based BSS Microfinance.

 

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RBL acquired 10 per cent in Utkarsh Micro Finance, which recently graduated into a small finance bank (SFB).

 

In July last year, IDFC Bank acquired Trichy-based Grama Vidiyal Microfinance, its second deal in the MFI space. Earlier, IDFC had taken 10 per cent in east-based ASA International India Microfinance.

 

In March last year, DCB Bank had acquired a 5.81 per cent stake in Odisha-based Annapurna Microfinance. Earlier, RBL had acquired 30 per cent in Swadhaar FinServe, a company acting as a BC.

 

Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) have also shown interest. In 2015, Manappuram Finance had acquired Asirvad Micro Finance, a Chennai-based NBFC-MFI.

 

With a number of MFIs graduating to SFBs, the number in the MFI space is likely to further increase. And, even after graduating into a bank, they are likely to keep much of their lending to microfinance. Bandhan Bank, earlier an MFI, has even after close to two years into operation as a bank still got over 80 per cent of its lending portfolio concentrated in microfinance.

 

“Over the past three years, banks have shown a high level of interest in microfinance, part of a diversification strategy. Also, at least for two to three years, the new SFBs are likely to focus on microfinance as they build their deposit base,” says Ratna Vishwanathan, chief executive officer, Microfinance Institutions Network.

 

Seven of the proposed SFBs, some of which have transformed to a bank, together account for 46 per cent of the MFI portfolio, amounting to Rs 26,228 crore.

 

Source: http://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/small-loans-big-impact-microfinance-now-big-business-at-banks-117031300020_1.html

Paragon Partners launches $200M India-focused mid-market PE fund

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Indian private equity investor Siddharth Parekh and entrepreneur Sumeet Nindrajog are launching a $200 million India focused fund. The duo announced today that they have raised $50 million in commitments, marking the first close of their $200 million private equity fund, Paragon Partners Growth Fund I (PPGF-I). Established in August 2015, PPGF is an Alternative Investment Fund(AIF)-Category II Private Equity fund looking to invest in high growth mid-market private companies in India.

 

The fund will focus on five core sectors, including consumer discretionary, financial services, infrastructure services (capex light), industrials and healthcare services. The fund claims to have an advanced pipeline of investment opportunities across these sectors and plan to invest in 10-15 mid-market companies in India, with an average deal size of $10-20 million.

 

In line with this, Paragon Partners plans to pursue an active investment approach, contributing to the advancement of its portfolio companies in three core areas: business development, organizational development, and operational efficiency.

 

Paragon Partners’ Advisory Board will also work hand-in-hand with its investment and operations professionals to drive value in its portfolio companies. The board includes Deepak Parekh (Chairman, HDFC Ltd.), Harsh Mariwala (Chairman, Marico Ltd. & Founder Member), Sunil Mehta, (Chairman, SPM Capital Advisors Pvt Ltd) and Jeff Serota (ex Sr. Partner at Ares Private Equity) amongst others. Siddharth, Co-Founder, Paragon Partners, commenting on the first close, said,

 

We believe the next decade in India will see a strong resurgence of growth in key sectors such as manufacturing, financial services and infrastructure.

 

With its first close, PPGF-I has invested $10 million as growth capital in Capacite Infraprojects Limited, a Mumbai based firm which is engaged in the construction of buildings (including super high rise structures) and factories, for large real estate developers, corporates and institutions  across the Mumbai, NCR and Bengaluru regions.

 

Established in August 2012, Capacite is promoted by Rahul Katyal, Rohit Katyal, and Subir Malhotra. It will look to grow and expand to more locations on a selective basis moving forward. Commenting on the investment, Rohit, Director at Capacite said,

 

Within a span of three years, Capacite has achieved significant scale with an expected top line of ~Rs 1,000 cr for the current financial year, backed by a gross order book of  Rs 5,400 cr. We are delighted to partner with Paragon Partners, as Capacite embarks on its next wave of growth.

 

PPGF-I claims to have seen interest from onshore and offshore institutions, family offices and HNI’s. Domestic investors include India Infoline, Edelweiss Group and Infina Finance Private Limited (an associate of Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited).  The fund also claims to have received a significant commitment from the Fairfax group based in Canada. With additional discussions in progress, the fund expects to close on further commitments in coming months.

 

The Indian startup ecosystem has seen an uprising in the past few years and there is now both internal and external interest in investing in early and mid-stage companies. In September 2015, Kalaari Capital had raised a $290 million India focused fund. In December 2015, Blume Ventures had raised $30 million for its Fund II to invest in 35-45 startups. In February 2016, early stage investor, Kae Capital too raised $30 million for its second fund, with an aim to allocate 10% of the fund to cater to non-tech start-ups.

 

Reports also suggest that Sequoia Capital had closed a $920 million India focussed fund in February 2016, though Sequoia is yet to confirm the same. Other marquee investors like SAIF Partners, Accel Partners, and Lightspeed India, have racked up fresh funds in the recent past.

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